PCBs are indispensable precision components in electronic products. Their quality directly affects the performance of the products. Therefore, quality inspection during the PCB production process is very important. PCB visual inspection is a crucial part of quality inspection, demanding high accuracy, efficiency, and speed. The internal processes of printed circuit boards are complex. In addition to core board structural lamination, drilling, and wiring, considerations such as embedded components, surface finishing, cleaning, and etching are also necessary. Traditional PCB inspection methods using the human eye are prone to missing defects, slow, and time-consuming. They have strict environmental requirements and are not suitable for hazardous work environments.